TINJAUAN PUSTAKA KARAKTERISASI DAN POTENSI PEMANFAATAN FLY ASH DAN BOTTOM ASH (FABA)
REVIEW ON CHARACTERIZATION AND UTILIZATION POTENTIAL OF FLY ASH AND BOTTOM ASH (FABA)
Abstrak
Fly ash dan bottom ash (FABA) merupakan limbah hasil sisa pembakaran batubara dari pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU). FABA yang dihasilkan akan terus meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan energi listrik yang harus dipenuhi. Komposisi FABA secara umum berupa silika, alumina, oksida besi, dan senyawa oksida lainnya. Abu yang dihasilkan dari pembakaran batubara berpotensi secara ekonomis karena mengandung beberapa unsur berharga antara lain Ge, Ga, unsur tanah jarang (REY), Nb, Zr, V, Re, Au, Ag, dan logam dasar seperti Al. Karakteristik fisik dan kimia FABA merupakan aspek penting yang dapat memengaruhi, baik potensi penggunaan maupun metode pembuangan atau penyimpanan limbah yang akan dilakukan. Potensi pemanfaatan FABA telah banyak digunakan pada bidang geoteknik, salah satunya diaplikasikan sebagai material geopolimer. Selain itu, FABA juga mengandung cenosphere yang merupakan salah satu material bernilai ekonomis tinggi dan telah banyak diaplikasikan pada berbagai bidang industri. Berbagai teknik pemisahan material untuk meningkatkan potensi nilai guna FABA telah berhasil dikembangkan, antara lain metode ektraksi cenosphere, logam berharga serta unsur jejak seperti REY, juga unburned carbon.
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