KAOLINITISASI DAN MOBILITAS UNSUR TANAH JARANG PADA PROFIL PELAPUKAN BATUAN GUNUNGAPI DI PUNCAK MANDEH, SUMATRA BARAT

KAOLINITIZATION AND RARE EARTH ELEMENTS MOBILIZATION OF A VOLCANIC ROCK WEATHERING PROFILE IN PUNCAK MANDEH, WEST SUMATRA

  • Ronaldo Irzon Pusat Survei Geologi
  • Mr. Pusat Survei Geologi
  • Dr. Pusat Survei Geologi
  • Mr. Pusat Survei Geologi
Kata Kunci: batuan gunungapi, kaolinitisasi, pelapukan, UTJ

Abstrak

Proses pelapukan berlangsung di permukaan bumi terutama pada wilayah beriklim tropis dan menyebabkan mobilisasi elemen dari batuan induk. Pelapukan menarik untuk dipelajari karena seringkali dikaitkan dengan pengayaan bahan-bahan ekonomis seperti besi, alumina, dan UTJ. Profil pelapukan batuan gunungapi Tersier tersebar di Sumatra yang beriklim tropis. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menjabarkan proses kaolinitisasi dan proses mobilisasi UTJ pada profil pelapukan batuan gunungapi di timur Puncak Mandeh, Sumatra Barat. Perangkat XRF dan ICP-MS dimanfaatkan untuk mengukur kelimpahan oksida utama, unsur jejak, dan UTJ. Kenaikan IOL terbukti terjadi searah dengan tingkat pelapukan. Kaolinitisasi pada pelapukan di Puncak Mandeh ditunjukkan oleh diagram segitiga SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3T. Feldspar dan mika yang rentan terhadap pelapukan langsung berubah menjadi kaolinit pada tahap awal pelapukan untuk menjelaskan variasi oksida utama pada profil pelapukan. Proses pelapukan telah meningkatkan jumlah alumina dan besi secara signifikan relatif terhadap batuan induk. Tidak terdapat pengayaan UTJ pada horizon pelapukan dibandingkan dengan komposisinya pada batuan induk. Sebagian Ce teroksidasi menjadi Ce4+ dan tertinggal di horizon saprolit. Kondisi ini membuat mobilitas Ce yang searah tingkat pelapukan berbeda dengan unsur UTJ lainnya.

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Diterbitkan
2021-05-31
Bagian
Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi