IDENTIFIKASI KETERDAPATAN MINERAL IKUTAN DAN ESTIMASI KANDUNGAN MONASIT PADA TAILING TAMBANG TIMAH DI PULAU BANGKA
IDENTIFICATION OF ACCESSORY MINERAL OCCURRENCE AND CONTENT ESTIMATION OF MONAZITE IN TIN MINE TAILINGS IN BANGKA ISLAND
Abstract
Mining activities in Bangka Island are being conducted since Dutch colonial era. The wastes of tin mining produced many abandoned tailings which could cause negative impact for environment. However, there are accessory minerals in tailings which could be the new potential source of critical mineral. The purpose of this study is to identify accessory minerals and content percentage of monazite in tailings of ex – tin mine in Bangka Island. The methods used in this study is determining the composite minerals based on grain counting analysis of 30 pan concentrate samples from several locations in Bangka Island before estimating the monazite content based on comparison between monazite percentage, pan concentrate mass, and tailing bulk mass. Based on mineral identification it is shown that the tailings consist of several minerals such as cassiterite, monazite, zircon, ilmenite, magnetite, hematite, anatase, rutile, tourmaline, fluorite, garnet, and pyrite with average monazite content in concentrate sample is 10.24%. Based on the calculation it is shown that the average value of monazite grade in tin mine tailing is 16.41 kg/ m3. The result of this study is expected to be some input for stakeholders to implement mineral conservation for achieving sustainable mining in the future.
Downloads
References
Abidin, H.Z, Pieters, P.E., dan Sudana, 1993. Peta Geologi Lembar Bangka Utara Skala 1 : 250.000,. P3G, Bandung.
Adiputra, R. N., Agustin, F., Sulastri, A., Abdullah, C. I., Nugraha, I., Andriansyah, R., and Hadiprayitno, M., 2019. The Tin Ore Separation Process and Optimizing The Rare Earth Mineral (Monazite) as a By-Product of Tin Mining in East Belitung Regency. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 413 (2020).
Alfiyan, M, 2016. Pengawasan Zirkon di Indonesia. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Pengelolaan Limbah XIV, PTLR- BATAN.
Badan Geologi, 2022. LTJ dan Mineral Kritis untuk Transisi Energi dan Strategi Eksplorasinya. Forum Geologi Nasional Tahun 2022. Kementerian ESDM.
Christmanna, P., 2014. A Forward Look Into Rare Earth Supply and Demand: a Role for Sedimentary Phosphate Deposits?. SYMPHOS 2013, 2nd International Symposium on Innovation and Technology in the Phosphate Industry,Procedia Engineering 83 ( 2014 ) 19 – 26.
Cobbing E.J., Mallick D.I.J., Pitfield P.E.J., and Teoh L.H., 1992. The Granites of the Southeast Asia Tin Belt. Journal of the Geological Society 1992, Geological Society of London.
Dewita, E., 2012. Analisis Potensi Thorium Sebagai Bahan Bakar Nuklir Alternatif PLTN. Jurnal Pengembangan Energi Nuklir. Vol. 14 No.1, Juni 2012.
Dutta, T., Kim, K. H., Uchimiya, M., Kwon, E. E., Jeon, B. H., Deeo, A. and Yun, S. T., 2016. Global Demand for Rare Earth Resources and Strategies for Green Mining. Environmental Research., vol. 150, pp. 182–190, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j. envres.2016.05.052.
Harjanto, S., Virdhian, S., and Afrilinda, E., 2013. Characterization of Indonesia Rare Earth Minerals and Their Potential Processing Techniques. in Proceeding of the 52nd Conference of Metallurgist (COM), Montreal, Canada.
Iluka Resources ltd., 2021. Company Presentation. Bank of America Global Metals, Mining and Steel Conference. 18- 20 Mei 2021.
Indrastomo, F. D., Sukadana, I. G., Kamajati, D., Widito, P., Sajiyo, Sularto, P., Sudarto, S., dan Iswanto, R., 2012. Inventarisasi Potensi Sumberdaya Thorium di Kabupaten Bangka, Propinsi Bangka Belitung. Laporan Internal Pusat Pengembangan Geologi Nuklir, Jakarta (tidak dipublikasikan).
Irvani dan Artasari, E. D., 2018. Studi Karakteristik Tailing pada Lokasi Eks Penambangan Timah di Bukit Sambung Giri Kecamatan Merawang Kabupaten Bangka. Promine Journal December 2018, Vol 6(2), pp 31 – 36.
Mardiah, 2013. Karakteristik Endapan Timah Sekunder Daerah Kelayang dan Sekitarnya, Kabupaten Bangka Barat. Promine Vol. 1. No. 1 (2013).
Margono, U., Supandjono, R.J.B., dan Partoyo, E., 1995. Peta Geologi Lembar Bangka Selatan Skala 1 : 250.000. P3G, Bandung.
Meyzilia, A., 2018. Pemanfaatan Air Kolong Bekas Tambang Timah sebagai Penambah Sumber Air Tanah Menggunakan Lubang Kompos di Bangka Belitung. Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Sosial Volume 27, Nomor 1, Juni 2018.
NEA-IAEA, 2014. Introduction of Thorium in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Short to Long Term Consideration. NEA No.7224, 136 p, Vienna.
Nayl A. A., Awward, N. S., and Aly H. F., 2009. Kinetics of Acid Leaching of Ilmenite Decomposed by KOH Part 2. Leaching by H2SO4 and C2H2O4. Journal of Hazardous Materials vol. 168, pp. 793–799.
Ngadenin, Indrastomo, F. D., Widodo, Sartapa, Widito, P. Sajiyo, dan Tukijo, 2010. Inventarisasi Potensi Sumberdaya Thorium di Daerah Bangka Tengah dan Pangkal Pinang, Bangka Belitung. Laporan Internal Pusat Pengembangan Geologi Nuklir, Jakarta (tidak dipublikasikan).
Ngadenin, Nurdin, M., Syaeful, H., Widana, K. S., Kamajati, D., Sarip, U., Prabowo, H., Marzuki, A., dan Tukijo, 2012. Inventarisasi Potensi Sumberdaya Thorium Di Kabupaten Bangka Barat, Propinsi Bangka Belitung. Laporan Internal Pusat Pengembangan Geologi Nuklir, Jakarta (tidak dipublikasikan).
Ngadenin, Syaeful, H., Widana, K. S., dan Nurdin, M., 2014. Potensi Thorium dan Uranium di Kabupaten Bangka Barat. Eksplorium Volume 35 No. 2, November 2014: 69 – 84.
Pusat Sumber Daya Mineral Batubara dan Panas Bumi (PSDMBP), 2019. Potensi Logam Tanah Jarang di Indonesia, Badan Geologi KESDM, Bandung.
Sajima, 2017. Pelindian Leburan Pasir Zirkon Kalimantan Menggunakan Air Panas Bench Scale. Jurnal Forum Nuklir (JFN) Volume 11, Nomor 1, Mei 2017.
Sari, F. I. P., dan Andini, D. E., 2020. Karakterisasi Mineral dan Geokimia Tailing Tambang Timah Pulau Bangka Bagian Utara. Jurnal Geosapta Vol. 6 No. 2, Juli 2020, 73-76.
Searle, M.P., Whitehouse, M.J., Robb, L.J., Ghani, A.A., Hutchison, C.S., Sone, M., Wai-Pan Ng, S., Roselee, M.H., Chung, S.-L., and Oliver, G.J.H., 2012. Tectonic Evolution of The Sibumasu–Indochina Terrane Collision Zone in Thailand and Malaysia: Constraints from New U–Pb zircon chronology of SE Asian Tin Granitoids. J. Geol. Soc. Lond, 169, 489–500.
Soetopo, B., Subiantoro, L., Sularto, P., dan Haryanto, D., 2015. Studi Deposit Monasit dan Zirkon dalam Batuan Kuarter di Daerah Cerucuk Belitung. Eksplorium, 33, 25–40.
Sujitno, S., 2015. Sejarah Penambangan Timah Indonesia: Catatan Sejarah Pertimahan s/d 2012. Penerbit PT Bina Prestasi Insani: Jakarta.
Sukarman, Gani, R. A., dan Asmarhansyah. 2020. Tin Mining Process and Its Effects on Soils in Bangka Belitung Islands Province, Indonesia. Sains Tanah-Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology, 17(2), 2020, 180-189.
Suprapto, S. J., 2008. Potensi, Prospek dan Pengusahaan Timah Putih di Indonesia. Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi 3 (2), 4-15.
Syaeful, H., Subiantoro, L., dan Suprapto, S., 2009. Penilaian Awal Prospek Thorium dan Uranium Di Daerah Bangka Selatan, Propinsi Bangka Belitung. Laporan Internal Pusat Pengembangan Geologi Nuklir, Jakarta, (tidak dipublikasikan).
Van Gosen, B. S., Verplanck, P. L., Seal II, R. R., Long, K. R., and Gambogi, J., 2017. Rare-Earth Elements: Critical Mineral Resources of the United States—Economic and Environmental Geology and Prospects for Future Supply. Professional Paper 1802–O, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Wahjudi, A., 2010. Penggunaan Pasir Tailing Timah dan Batu Pecah Granit dari Pulau Bangka untuk Beton Normal. Thesis. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Wai-Pan Ng, S., Whitehouse, M.J., Roselee, M.H., Teschner, C., Murtadha, S., Oliver, G.J.H., Ghani, A.A., Chang, S., 2017. Late Triassic granites from Bangka, Indonesia: A continuation of the Main Range granite province of The South- East Asian Tin Belt. J. Asian Earth Sci., 138, 548–561.
Zglinicki, K., Małek, R., Szamałek, K., and Wołkowicz, S. 2022. Mining Waste as a Potential Additional Source of HREE and U for the European Green Deal: A Case Study of Bangka Island (Indonesia). Minerals 2022, 12, 44. https:// doi.org/10.3390/min12010044
Zglinicki, K., Szamałek, K., and Wołkowicz, S., 2021. Critical Minerals from Post-Processing Tailing. A Case Study from Bangka Island, Indonesia. Minerals 2021, 11, 352. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040352
Copyright (c) 2022 Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Penulis yang naskahnya diterbitkan menyetujui ketentuan sebagai berikut:
Hak publikasi atas semua materi naskah jurnal yang diterbitkan/dipublikasikan dalam situs Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi ini dipegang oleh dewan redaksi dengan sepengetahuan penulis (hak moral tetap milik penulis naskah).
Ketentuan legal formal untuk akses artikel digital jurnal elektronik ini tunduk pada ketentuan lisensi Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA), yang berarti Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi berhak menyimpan, mengalih media/format-kan, mengelola dalam bentuk pangkalan data (database), merawat, dan mempublikasikan artikel tanpa meminta izin dari Penulis selama tetap mencantumkan nama Penulis sebagai pemilik hak cipta.
Naskah yang diterbitkan/dipublikasikan secara cetak dan elektronik bersifat open access untuk tujuan pendidikan, penelitian, dan perpustakaan. Selain tujuan tersebut, dewan redaksi tidak bertanggung jawab atas pelanggaran terhadap hukum hak cipta.
